As Members may be aware in 2009 two ships, the ‘Asian Forest’ and the ‘Black Rose’, capsized and sank following liquefaction of iron ore fines cargoes which they had loaded in the Indian ports of Mangalore and Paradip. There have been other incidents of liquefaction, particularly when loaded during or after the Indian monsoon season, resulting in ships becoming unstable and being forced to seek refuge. In other cases cargoes loaded have been found to have moisture content in excess of the Transportable Moisture Limit (TML) prior to the vessel’s departure and the ships in question have been prevented from sailing by the local port authorities until the situation has been rectified leading to substantial delays.